比较 BIRCH 和 MiniBatchKMeans#

此示例比较了 BIRCH（有和没有全局聚类步骤）和 MiniBatchKMeans 在使用 make_blobs 生成的具有 25,000 个样本和 2 个特征的合成数据集上的计时。

MiniBatchKMeans 和 BIRCH 都是非常可扩展的算法，可以在数十万甚至数百万个数据点上高效运行。为了使我们的持续集成资源使用保持合理，我们选择限制此示例的数据集大小，但感兴趣的读者可能会喜欢编辑此脚本以使用更大的 n_samples 值重新运行它。

如果 n_clusters 设置为 None，则数据将从 25,000 个样本减少到一组 158 个集群。这可以被视为最终（全局）聚类步骤之前的预处理步骤，该步骤将这 158 个集群进一步减少到 100 个集群。

BIRCH without global clustering, BIRCH with global clustering, MiniBatchKMeans

BIRCH without global clustering as the final step took 0.62 seconds
n_clusters : 158
BIRCH with global clustering as the final step took 0.63 seconds
n_clusters : 100
Time taken to run MiniBatchKMeans 0.24 seconds

# Authors: Manoj Kumar <[email protected]
#          Alexandre Gramfort <[email protected]>
# License: BSD 3 clause

from itertools import cycle
from time import time

import matplotlib.colors as colors
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from joblib import cpu_count

from sklearn.cluster import Birch, MiniBatchKMeans
from sklearn.datasets import make_blobs

# Generate centers for the blobs so that it forms a 10 X 10 grid.
xx = np.linspace(-22, 22, 10)
yy = np.linspace(-22, 22, 10)
xx, yy = np.meshgrid(xx, yy)
n_centers = np.hstack((np.ravel(xx)[:, np.newaxis], np.ravel(yy)[:, np.newaxis]))

# Generate blobs to do a comparison between MiniBatchKMeans and BIRCH.
X, y = make_blobs(n_samples=25000, centers=n_centers, random_state=0)

# Use all colors that matplotlib provides by default.
colors_ = cycle(colors.cnames.keys())

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 4))
fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.04, right=0.98, bottom=0.1, top=0.9)

# Compute clustering with BIRCH with and without the final clustering step
# and plot.
birch_models = [
    Birch(threshold=1.7, n_clusters=None),
    Birch(threshold=1.7, n_clusters=100),
]
final_step = ["without global clustering", "with global clustering"]

for ind, (birch_model, info) in enumerate(zip(birch_models, final_step)):
    t = time()
    birch_model.fit(X)
    print("BIRCH %s as the final step took %0.2f seconds" % (info, (time() - t)))

    # Plot result
    labels = birch_model.labels_
    centroids = birch_model.subcluster_centers_
    n_clusters = np.unique(labels).size
    print("n_clusters : %d" % n_clusters)

    ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 3, ind + 1)
    for this_centroid, k, col in zip(centroids, range(n_clusters), colors_):
        mask = labels == k
        ax.scatter(X[mask, 0], X[mask, 1], c="w", edgecolor=col, marker=".", alpha=0.5)
        if birch_model.n_clusters is None:
            ax.scatter(this_centroid[0], this_centroid[1], marker="+", c="k", s=25)
    ax.set_ylim([-25, 25])
    ax.set_xlim([-25, 25])
    ax.set_autoscaley_on(False)
    ax.set_title("BIRCH %s" % info)

# Compute clustering with MiniBatchKMeans.
mbk = MiniBatchKMeans(
    init="k-means++",
    n_clusters=100,
    batch_size=256 * cpu_count(),
    n_init=10,
    max_no_improvement=10,
    verbose=0,
    random_state=0,
)
t0 = time()
mbk.fit(X)
t_mini_batch = time() - t0
print("Time taken to run MiniBatchKMeans %0.2f seconds" % t_mini_batch)
mbk_means_labels_unique = np.unique(mbk.labels_)

ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 3, 3)
for this_centroid, k, col in zip(mbk.cluster_centers_, range(n_clusters), colors_):
    mask = mbk.labels_ == k
    ax.scatter(X[mask, 0], X[mask, 1], marker=".", c="w", edgecolor=col, alpha=0.5)
    ax.scatter(this_centroid[0], this_centroid[1], marker="+", c="k", s=25)
ax.set_xlim([-25, 25])
ax.set_ylim([-25, 25])
ax.set_title("MiniBatchKMeans")
ax.set_autoscaley_on(False)
plt.show()

脚本的总运行时间：（0 分钟 4.309 秒）